Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is becoming more common across the globe. The prognosis of\nOSCC is largely dependent on the early detection. But the routine oral cavity examination may delay the diagnosis\nbecause the early oral malignant lesions may be clinically indistinguishable from benign or inflammatory diseases.\nIn this study, the new diagnostic method is developed by using the surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)\nto detect the serum samples from the cancer patients.\nMethod: The blood serum samples were collected from the OSCC patients, MEC patients and the volunteers\nwithout OSCC or MEC. Gold nanoparticles(NPs) were then mixed in the serum samples to obtain the high quality\nSERS spectra. There were totally 135 spectra of OSCC, 90 spectra of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) and 145\nspectra of normal control group, which were captured by SERS successfully. Compared with the normal control\ngroup, the Raman spectral differences exhibited in the spectra of OSCC and MEC groups, which were assigned to\nthe nucleic acids, proteins and lipids. Based on these spectral differences and features, the algorithms of principal\ncomponent analysis(PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were employed to analyze and classify the Raman\nspectra of different groups.\nResults: Compared with the normal groups, the major increased peaks in the OSCC and MEC groups were\nassigned to the molecular structures of the nucleic acids and proteins. And these different major peaks between\nthe OSCC and MEC groups were assigned to the special molecular structures of the carotenoids and lipids. The\nPCA-LDA results demonstrated that OSCC could be discriminated successfully from the normal control groups with\na sensitivity of 80.7% and a specificity of 84.1%. The process of the cross validation proved the results analyzed by\nPCA-LDA were reliable.\nConclusion: The gold NPs were appropriate substances to capture the high-quality SERS spectra of the OSCC, MEC\nand normal serum samples. The results of this study confirm that SERS combined PCA-LDA had a giant capability to\ndetect and diagnosis OSCC through the serum sample successfully.
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